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Tuesday, 7 April 2020

Stories need structure



Whatever you create and  build, it needs structure. Take a building for example. To start with it needs solid foundations, then comes a sturdy framework around which is attached the fabric of the building. Next comes the décor – the flare of the designer to make that building the best it can be. So your stories need structure too.

Change the metaphor to making a cake. The solid foundation is the cook’s knowledge of cookery, of how to follow a recipe, of knowing how ingredients react with one another, of knowing when that cake needs to go in and come out of the oven.  The framework is the ingredients and how they combine together. The decoration is the special touches that make the cake perfect.

It’s the same when writing a story. Those solid foundations are your skills as a writer – the knowledge that you’ve learnt so far. The framework is the many different aspect to a story: characters, setting, viewpoint, plot, conflict, dialogue, narrative, tense, theme, editing and presentation. The décor is your personal style and flair; your descriptions; the depth of the emotion woven into the story; the realism of your characters; it’s how effective you are in building tension and atmosphere; it’s those unexpected twists and turns in the plot.

Your story isn’t just a jumble of words, it’s a logical sequence of events that take the reader from the beginning to the end with increasing conflict, tension and interest along the way. Your story structure may be vague or highly detailed, or somewhere in between. Think of it as a guideline that you can follow or veer away from, as you choose.

Don’t worry that plotting and structuring will hinder your creative streak or stop the characters from developing. Structure is not carved in stone, you can change things at any time. It is merely a guide, so you don’t get lost and helps to avoid writing yourself into a dead end. And best of all, if you can see a vague outline of your story, especially for a book or serial, it’s not quite such a daunting prospect to get from start to finish.

Planning your story

Take it back to basics – the 3-Act Structure, that is the beginning, the middle and the end. The structure of the plot might be referred to as the story arc. The internet has lots of diagrams that help you think about the shape of your story. You may find them useful – or you may not.

Basically, the story arc is the narrative of your story, showing the development of characters and plot, the rising and falling of character’s emotions; the rising and falling of the drama, with everything leading up to the climax of the story – make or break time. Then comes the resolution, the results of what becomes of the characters after the climax, the dénouement, the final act that shows how the character has evolved and grown.   

The Beginning

I always find it best to start the story where there is a change to your protagonist’s routine, something different is happening in their life. It could be creating a problem or it could be the opposite. You could start with an interesting line of dialogue or some narrative. Whatever those first lines are, make them hook the reader for some reason and make them want to read on. If your beginning is flat and dull don’t go thinking that’s okay because it really livens up on page ten because your reader may never get that far.

Here’s a few examples of opening lines to some of my books:

Without a doubt, Philippe Beaulieu was as magnificent as the pictures he painted. (Champagne Harvest)

Hexe!’ The word rippled around the chamber softly, barely audible, like a breath of wind. (The Bitter End) 

The fog came down before midnight. (Kill or Die)

Karbel’s yellow eyes sparkled as a shaft of sunlight glanced off the rock. (The Beast)

That opening scene is so important.  It is where you will interest a reader or editor, or lose them forever. So, make those opening sentences as alluring as possible. Don’t try to explain everything at once or even establish the logic behind the words. All can become clear later, once you’ve got the reader on board.

At the beginning of your story you introduce your main character, you set the scene, and establish the conflict – or at least hint at it. It helps if your protagonist has a goal – something they are desperate to achieve. Make sure this is something worth struggling for – and that applies whether you’re writing a book for a toddler, or a hard-nosed detective story. It’s just as vital for a two-year-old to find her lost teddy, as it is for the serial killer to be apprehended.

The Middle

At this stage you probably don’t have all the events and action sorted in your head. These will come gradually as characters interact with one another. However, there may be key incidents that you know should occur, so you could jot these down as bullet points in your story outline. You may also want to introduce other threads or sub plots into your story.

You will certainly want to make the problems for your protagonist worsen. Incidents will undoubtedly occur to you as your characters develop. Note these points down so you can see the shape of your story. Make sure your character’s problems are not resolved too early and the pace of the story is progressing nicely.

I tend to think in scenes, with each scene carrying the story forward and character’s problems growing more difficult all the time. One problem or dilemma should lead to another on the journey towards the climax and ultimate conclusion to your story. Basically, give your character a hard time and don’t let them get out of trouble too easily.

The End

You may or may not know how your story will end, but you can remind yourself here to tie up all loose ends of your storylines and sub plots – before the climax of the story. The climax of the story should be the most dramatic of scenes, so don’t risk diluting the main action by tying up the loose ends at that point.

The climax is where your protagonist wins or loses, achieves his goal or fails. At the crucial black spot of the story, let him or her win or lose through their own actions or decisions – don’t bring in the cavalry.

This will be the most intense struggle your character has yet had to face. This is the point where you really want your readers to be rooting for your protagonist. Should they fail, at least let them have learnt something important along the way. Give some ray of hope even to the saddest of endings.

Endings to avoid

·   Do not cheat your reader by some surprise twist that is not in the least believable such as a mistake or misunderstanding that could have been sorted out at any time.
·     Do not cheat your reader by the introduction of some character or random incident/coincidence that has not been part of your story throughout.
·     Do not leave the reader dangling in the air with unanswered questions. Unless of course, that’s your intention with a sequel waiting in the wings.
·      And please do not let your character suddenly realise it had all been a dream.

Today’s exercise:

Your character is on a mission! Determined to do something but things go wrong. Try and devise a plot, with a beginning, middle and end that sees that character facing those problems and achieving their goal, but only after a lot of difficulty. Let one obstacle cause inner conflict in the character, that is, they are struggling against a personal trait or belief of theirs.


Tomorrow: The plot thickens.

Thank you Rob Tysall, Tysall's Photography for the photograph.


Read all of my writing tips in Become a Writer, a step by step guide. https://amzn.to/3487fws




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